ASTM B322-1999(2009) 电镀前金属清洗的标准指南
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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforCleaningMetalsPriortoElectroplating
【原文标准名称】:电镀前金属清洗的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMB322-1999(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1999
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:B08.02
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Biologicalcleaners;Descaling;Electroplatedcoatings;Metalcleaners;Metalliccoatings;Specimenpreparation(general)--electroplating;Surfacedescaling/cleaning
【摘要】:Theperformanceandqualityofelectroplatedarticlesdependuponthesurfacecleanlinessandcondition.Variousmetalsareelectroplatedfordecorativeorengineeringfinishes.Thecommonelectroplatesappliedareusuallycopper,nickel,andchromiumfordecorativeandfunctionaluses.Electroplatedarticlesareusedinmanyindustriessuchasthemarine,automotive,plumbingfixtures,andapplianceindustries.1.1Thisguidedescribestheprocedureforcleaningmetalsurfacestoobtaingoodadhesionofelectrodepositedmetals.Thedegreeofcleanlinessrequiredformetalstobeelectroplatedisgreaterthanformostotherfinishes.Methodsofremovalofheat-treatormillscalearenotincludedinthesemethods,becausetheyarecoveredinpracticesreferringtospecificmetals.Itshouldalsobeunderstoodthatwhiletheseproceduresarebroadlyapplicable,particularsubstratesmayrequirecertainspecificcleaningprocedures.1.2Adequatecleaningrequiresapropercombinationofcleaningprocedures.Thechoiceoftheseproceduresmustbebasedonaknowledgeofthemetalstobecleanedandofthesoilstoberemoved.Becausemostexperienceandknowledgeincleaninghavebeenobtainedbysuppliersofproprietaryprocessesandformulations,thesesourcesshouldbeconsultedbeforesettingupacleaningprocess.1.3Atreatmenttoremovetarnish,lightrust,fingerprints,oroxidesisusuallyprovidedbeforeimmersionofthepieceintheelectroplatingtank.Thistreatmentactivatesthemetalandisusuallyaccomplishedinacidbathswhichalsoservetoneutralizetheresidualalkalinefilmfromalkalinecleaning.Alkalinechelatedderustingandcleaningsolutions,aloneorwithsodiumcyanide,usedasasoakorelectrocleaner,areoftenpreferredbeforeelectroplatingonferrousalloys.1.4Invariablyseveralstagesarenecessarytoprovideadequatecleaning.Thesestagesarediscussedinthreeparts:PartIx2014;Precleaning(useofasolvent,emulsion,oralkalinespray)toremovethebulkofthesoil.PartIIx2014;Intermediate(alkaline)cleaning.PartIIIx2014;Finalelectrocleaning,toremovetracesolidsandespeciallyadherentimpurities.PartIVx2014;Troubleshooting.Often,dependinglargelyontheamountandtypeofsoilontheworkpiecesasreceived,oneormoreofthesestagesmaybeeliminatedormodified.Usually,evenwithlightsoils,itisadvisabletoretainmultistagecleaning,therebyincreasingthelifeandefficiencyofthecleaningsolutions.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.(FormorespecificsafetyprecautionarystatementsseeSections11and16.)
【中国标准分类号】:A29
【国际标准分类号】:25_220_40
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:Electricalmeasuringmethodsforintegratedcircuits;supplyvoltagerejectionratiotoachangeofallsupplyvoltagessimultaneously
【原文标准名称】:集成电路的测量方法.所有电源电压同时变化时抗电源电压变化的灵敏度KSVR
【标准号】:DIN44480-64-1984
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1984-03
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:测量技术;放大器;电子工程;电压测量;试验;灵敏度;集成电路;测量
【英文主题词】:electronicengineering;integratedcircuits;sensitivity;voltagemeasurement;measuringtechniques;testing;amplifiers;measurement
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:L55
【国际标准分类号】:31_200
【页数】:2P;A4
【正文语种】:德语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasurementofDaytimeChromaticityofPavementMarkingMaterialsUsingaPortableReflectionColorimeter
【原文标准名称】:用便携式反射比色计测量路面标记材料的日间色度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME2366-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E12.10
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:比色法;交通管制;试验;便携的;计量学;标记材料;白昼;路面;道路;反射;光度测量法(光测量);测量;色度
【英文主题词】:chromaticity;pavement;pavementmarkings;portablereflectioncolorimeters;reflection
【摘要】:ThechromaticityofthestripeisdeterminedbymeansofthetristimulusvaluesX,YandZfortheCIE1931(2x00B0;)standardobserverforCIEStandardIlluminantD65,whichareconvertedtothechromaticitycoordinates(x,y)andshownintheCIE1931(x,y)-chromaticitydiagram.RefertoPracticeE308.Underthesameconditionsofilluminationandviewing,thechromaticitycoordinates(x,y)representthedaytimecolorofpavementmarkingsindaylightilluminationasseenbydriversofthevehicles.Thechromaticityofpavement(road)markingsmaychangewithtrafficwearandrequireperiodicmeasurementtoensurethatthechromaticityismaintainedwithinboundaries(seeSpecificationD6628forexamplesofcolorboundaries).AsspecifiedbyCEN,themeasurementgeometryoftheinstrumentisbasedonaviewingdistanceof30mandaneyeheightof1.2m.Itshallbetheresponsibilityoftheusertoemployaninstrumenthavingthespecifiedilluminationandco-viewingangle.1.1Thistestmethodcoversmeasurementofthedaytimechromaticitycoordinates(x,y)ofhorizontalpavementmarkings,suchastrafficstripesandsurfacesymbols,andpavementsurfacesunderdiffuseillumination,usingaportablereflectioncolorimeterthatcanbeplacedonthesurfacetomeasurethechromaticityinaparticularviewingdirection.1.2Theco-viewingangleofthereflectioncolorimeteraffectsthereadings.AsspecifiedbytheEuropeanCommitteeforStandardization(CENEN1436),theco-viewingangleshallbe2.29.1.3Thistestmethodisintendedtobeusedforfieldmeasurementofpavementmarkingsbutmaybeusedtomeasurethechromaticityandtheluminancecoefficientunderdiffuseilluminationofmaterialsonsamplepanelsbeforeplacingthemarkingmaterialinthefield.1.4TheportablereflectioncolorimetermayintegratemeasurementoftheluminancecoefficientunderdiffuseilluminationQdaccordingtoTestMethodE2302andthusbeanintegratedreflectometer/reflectioncolorimeter.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:P66
【国际标准分类号】:17_180_20;93_080_30
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】: